Inspection method and inspection apparatus

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides an inspection apparatus and inspection method. The inspection apparatus includes a stage mechanism for supporting an object under inspection. A spatial filter is provided in the detection optical system to inspect the object. A printer is used to print the results of the spatial filter. The spatial filter can be provided in the form of a Fourier transformed image.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation application of application Ser. No.10/722,531, filed Nov. 28, 2003, which also relates tocontinuation-in-part application Ser. No. 10/724,750, filed Dec. 2,2003, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an inspection method and inspectionapparatus for use in a production line for a semiconductor device,liquid crystal, magnetic head, or other device, and more particularly toa technology for inspecting for foreign matters (particle)/defects.

An example of semiconductor wafer inspection will now be described.

In a conventional semiconductor manufacturing process, any foreignmatter existing on a semiconductor substrate (wafer) may cause a wiringinsulation failure, short circuit, or other failure. Furthermore, sincethe semiconductor elements have turned minutely, when a fine foreignmatter exists in the semiconductor substrate, this foreign matter causesfor instance, insulation failure of capacitor or destruction of gateoxide film or etc. These foreign matters are mixed in the semiconductorsubstrate by various causes in the various state. As a cause ofgenerating of the foreign matters, what is generated from the movablepart of conveyance equipment, what is generated from a human body andthe thing by which reaction generation was carried out by process gaswithin processing equipment, the thing currently mixed in medicine ormaterial used can be considered. A liquid-crystal display device willbecome what cannot be used, if a foreign matter mixes on a circuitpattern or a certain defect produces a liquid-crystal display devicemanufacturing process similarly. The same also holds true for a printedcircuit board manufacturing process so that foreign matter mixtureresults in a pattern short circuit or improper connection.

A certain conventional technology for detecting the above-mentionedforeign matters (particles) on a semiconductor substrate, which isdisclosed, for instance, by Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 62-89336,illuminates laser light to the semiconductor substrate, detects thelight scattered from any foreign matter on the semiconductor substrate,and compares the obtained result against the inspection result of thelast inspected semiconductor substrate of the same type to conduct ahigh-sensitivity, high-reliability, foreign matter/defect inspectionwhile averting a pattern-induced false alarm. Another known technologyfor inspecting for the above-mentioned foreign matter, which isdisclosed, for instance, by Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 5-218163,illuminates coherent light to a wafer, eliminates the light emitted froma repetitive pattern on the wafer with a spatial filter, and enhancesnon-repetitive foreign matter and defects to achieve detection.

Further, there is a known foreign matter inspection apparatus, whichilluminates from a direction having an angle of 45 degrees for majorstraight line group within a circuit pattern formed on a wafer in orderto prevent from entering zero-order diffracted light generated from themajor line group into an aperture of an objective lens. As regards thetechnology incorporated in this foreign matter inspection apparatus (seeJapanese Patent Laid-open No. 1-117024), a method for shieldingdiffracted light generated from non-major straight line group with aspatial filter is disclosed. Furthermore, there are many knownconventional technologies concerning an apparatus and method forinspecting for foreign matter and other defects (see Japanese PatentLaid-open No. 1-250847, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 6-258239, JapanesePatent Laid-open No. 6-324003, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 8-210989,and Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 8-271437).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

As described in conjunction with the above conventional technologies, inthe apparatus employed for inspecting various minute patterns ofsemiconductor and other devices, although a diffracted light generatedfrom a defect which contain a foreign matter and a diffracted light(pattern noise) generated from a circuit pattern were separatedefficiently by space filtering, since a shielding plate with wide widthwas used from the problem of accuracy mechanical as a spatial filter,the number of diffracted lights generated from the circuit pattern whichcan shield was restricted.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a technology forperforming high-precision spatial filtering to detect foreign matter(foreign particles) and defects at a high sensitivity when a minutecircuit pattern is inspected by using an image formed by illuminatingwhite light, single-wavelength light, or laser light.

To achieve the above object according to a first aspect of the presentinvention, an inspection apparatus comprises an illumination opticalsystem for illuminating light to an object under inspection; a detectionoptical system for detecting light reflected from the object underinspection and converting the detected light into an electrical signal(an image signal); a spatial filter that is provided in the detectionoptical system to selectively shield diffracted light coming from eachcircuit pattern existing on the object under inspection by combininglight-shielding points of minute dot state; an arithmetic processingsystem for processing the electrical signal (the image signal) detectedby the detection optical system; and a monitor for observing foreignmatter and defects that are presented by a signal processed by thearithmetic processing system.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an inspectionapparatus comprises a stage for moving an object under inspection in athree-dimensional direction; an illumination optical system forilluminating light on the object under inspection, which is mounted onthe stage; a detection optical system for detecting light reflected fromthe object under inspection and converting the detected light into anelectrical signal (an image signal); a spatial filter which is providedin the detection optical system and is printed so as to shield theFourier transformed image of circuit patterns existing on the objectunder inspection; an arithmetic processing system for processing theelectrical signal (the image signal) detected by the detection opticalsystem; and a monitor for observing foreign matter and defects that arepresented by a signal processed by the arithmetic processing system. Thedetection optical system comprises a Fourier transform lens for Fouriertransforming the diffracted light coming from the circuit pattern of theobject under inspection, and an inverse Fourier transform lens forinverse Fourier transforming the light coming from the spatial filter.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, an inspectionmethod comprises the steps of: illuminating light on an object underinspection; detecting light reflected from said object and convertingthe detected light into an image signal by a detection optical system;selectively shielding diffracted light coming from a circuit patternexisted on the object in the detection optical system; arithmeticallyprocessing the image signal detected by said detection optical system;and observing foreign matters/defects based on a signal derived fromsaid arithmetic processing by a monitor.

According to an inspection method of the present invention , whereinfurther comprising setting step for setting a plurality of recipes,which differ in intensity of the light to be illuminated on said object,polarized light of illumination light, illumination angle ofillumination light, detection visual field size, or detection polarizedlight setting, and wherein said observing step causes said monitor todisplay foreign matter and defects on an individual recipe basis.

According to an inspection method of the present invention, wherein saidobserving step includes assigning step for assigning detection numberIDs in accordance with foreign matter/defect position and displayingstep for displaying size of the foreign matter/defect assigned said IDsand category indicating a manufacturing process where the foreignmatter/defect assigned said IDs is occurred.

According to an inspection method of the present invention, wherein saidobserving step includes displaying step for displaying foreignmatter/defect which is observed by the recipe set by setting step andemphasis indication of the foreign matter/defect to which its attentionis paid.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of aninspection apparatus according to the present invention;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating a method for illuminating awafer surface under inspection with a laser beam;

FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating one embodiment of an inspectionresult window which displays on a monitor;

FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating another embodiment of an inspectionresult window which displays on a monitor;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a foreign matter/defect inspectionprocess that is performed in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 6A shows two or more kinds of circuit patterns P1, P2 and P3 whichare formed on the wafer and the illumination area illuminated light onthe wafer, FIG. 6B shows the diffracted light patterns which are theFourier transform images FP1, FP2, and FP3 of each circuit pattern inthe case of detecting the foreign matter/defect on two or more kinds ofcircuit patterns, and FIG. 6C shows a logical OR of the Fouriertransform images FP1, FP2, and FP3 observed;

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating one embodimentof a spatial filter printing unit according to the present invention;

FIGS. 8A and 8B are plan views illustrating one embodiment of a spatialfilter cartridge according to the present invention;

FIGS. 9A and 9B are a top view and a plan view, respectively, whichillustrate one embodiment of a cartridge storage/pullout mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a plan view of a printed matter printed with an inkjetprinter;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating interpolation methods ofprint dots; and

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between thesize of a Fourier transform plane and the size of a print dot.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be describedwith reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of aninspection apparatus according to the present invention. This inspectionapparatus is suitable for inspecting foreign matters and defects. Asshown in the figure, the inspection apparatus comprises an illuminationsystem unit 100, a detection optical system unit 200, a stage system300, an arithmetic processing system 400, a wafer observation unit 500(monitor 500), a Fourier transform plane observation optical unit 600, awafer observation optical system 700, a cartridge stocker 800, a filtercleaner 810, a printer 820, and a network-connected server systems1101-1105, which incorporates various functions. The illumination system100 comprises a laser oscillator 101, a wavelength plate 102, beamexpanders 103, 104 for varying the laser spot size, an aperturediaphragm 105, a cylindrical lens 106, and a mirror 107. The wavelengthplate 102 varies the degree of illumination light polarization. The beamexpanders 103, 104 vary the illumination size (illumination area). Themirror 107 varies the illumination angle. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B,the cylindrical lens 106 is used to illuminate an object underinspection with one side reduced.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams illustrating a method forilluminating a wafer under inspection with a laser beam. FIG. 2A showsthe relationship between the illumination system unit 100 and thedetection optical system unit 200. FIG. 2B illustrates a slit-shapedbeam spot illuminated on a wafer. As indicated by FIG. 2A, thecylindrical lens 106 is used to reduce the size of an illumination lightbeam to match a receiving field of a line sensor (CCD or TDI), which iscoordinated with the wafer surface for image formation purposes. Thisalso results in efficient use of illumination energy. As shown in FIG.2B, the cylindrical lens 106 is equipped with an optical system whichrotates to provide the same condensation for the front and rear sides ofillumination when the light is illuminated from a direction having anangle of θ1 for major straight line group of a circuit pattern formed onthe object under inspection. Instead of the cylindrical lens, a conelens (conical lens) described, for instance, by Japanese PatentLaid-open No. 2000-105203 (equivalent to U.S. patent Ser. No.09/362,135), may be alternatively used. A slit light beam, which isincident on the wafer surface at an inclination angle of a to thehorizontal, bounces off the wafer's surface layer and scatters. A wafer1 is inspected by running a relative scan over the stage system 300 anddetection optical system unit 200. As indicated in FIG. 1, the detectionoptical system unit 200 mainly comprises a Fourier transform lens (whichhas a function as an objective lens) 201, an inverse Fourier transformlens (which has a function as an image forming lens) 202, and a sensor205, and is capable of inserting a spatial filter 2000 into a Fouriertransform plane in an optical path. Alternatively, lens 201 may comprisean objective lens and a Fourier transform lens. Lens 202 mayalternatively comprise an inverse Fourier transform lens and an imageforming lens. In addition, the inverse Fourier transform lens 202 isvertically movable as indicated by an arrow mark so that themagnification can be changed.

Further, an optical path branching device 601 such as a mirror or beamsplitter and a Fourier transform plane observation optical unit 600 canbe inserted into an optical path. The Fourier transform planeobservation optical unit 600 is equipped with a convex lens 602 and a TVcamera 605 for observing a pattern in the Fourier transform plane. Theconvex lens 602 is movable as indicated by an arrow mark so that imagesof the Fourier transform plane and wafer surface can be formed by the TVcamera 605. The signal output from the TV camera 605 enters thearithmetic processing system 400. The detected light, which is derivedfrom the wafer 1, is passed through the inverse Fourier transform lens202 and optical path branching device 601, polarized by a polarizingplate 203, adjusted by a light intensity adjustment plate 204 to varyits intensity, and incident on the sensor 205. The light is thenconverted into an electrical signal by the sensor 205, and the resultingelectrical signal enters the arithmetic processing system 400. Lightdiffractions generated from edges of repetitive circuit patterns of thewafer surface are condensed (interfered) into a condensed light pattern(an interference pattern) having regular pitch in the Fourier transformplane. A spatial filter 2000 is set according to the condensed lightpattern (the interference pattern) so that the diffracted lightgenerated from the edges of the repetitive patterns do not reach thesensor 205. Meanwhile, it is known that a Fourier image of foreignmatter (particle) or defect is not regular and distributes irregularlyin the Fourier transform plane. As a result, the light scattered fromforeign matter and defects is partly shielded by the spatial filter;however, its greater part reaches the sensor 205. Thus, by setting thespatial filter 2000 according to the condensed light pattern in theFourier transform plane of the detection optical system unit 200, sincethe greater part of the scattered light of foreign matter and defects isreceived by the sensor 205 so that the scattered light (the diffractedlight) of the pattern is removed, it becomes possible to detect theforeign matter/defect in high sensitivity by improving a S/N ratio.Since the detection lens of the detection optical system unit 200 isprovided with a zoom optical system or an objective lens selectormechanism, it is possible to change the detection magnification. Since adetection pixel size (when they are converted to equivalent values forthe wafer surface) becomes small in high magnification mode, it possibleto detect the minute foreign matter/defect at a high sensitivity byimproving the S/N ratio. However, the inspection speed is low becausethe detection pixel size are small. On the other hand, by enlarging thedetection pixel size in a low magnification mode, inspection speedbecomes early and, as a result, it is possible to inspect many waferswithin a predetermined period of time. Since a plurality ofmagnification modes are available, it is possible to use the modesselectively to conduct a low-magnification, high-speed inspection on aproduct/process to which loose design rules are applied, and ahigh-magnification, high-sensitivity inspection on a product/process towhich severe design rules are applied. The signal acquired by the sensor205 is subjected to data processing within the arithmetic processingsystem 400 to output a foreign matter/defect candidate. The result offoreign matter/defect detection is stored as electronic data on arecording medium within the apparatus or in a defect management system1103 in the network-connected server unit.

A wafer ID and its recipe are entered in a recipe management system 1101within the server unit. As described later, the recipe contains anillumination light intensity value, illumination polarized lightsetting, illumination irradiation angle a setting for horizontalsurface, illumination irradiation direction θ1 setting for the layoutdirections of the chips, detection visual field size, selected spatialfilter data, and detection polarized light setting. A production linemanagement system 1102 within the server unit displays data to indicatewhether the apparatus is conducting an inspection or on standby andindicate what is flowing on a production line. The defect managementsystem 1103 manages and displays the inspection result of the previousprocess.

The stage system 300 uses a stage controller 306 to control an X-stage301, a Y-stage 302, a Z-stage 303, and a θ-stage 304 for the purpose ofplacing the wafer 1 in a specified position and at a specified height.

The cartridge stocker 800 houses a plurality of cartridges 801a, 801b.The cartridges 801a, 801b have a plurality of filter substrates 802a,802b that are described later and shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. After acartridge 801 is taken out from the cartridge stocker 800, it is cleanedby the cleaner 810, and each of filter substrates 802 is printed theFourier transformed image of the wafer circuit patterns by the printer820. The spatial filter 2000 is obtained by printing the Fouriertransformed image onto the each of the filter substrates 802. When theforeign matter/defect on each of three kind patterns of the wafer 1 isinspected, the Fourier transformed image of the each three kind patternis printed onto each three filter substrate. When a spatial filter forinspecting the foreign matter/defect on two kind patterns simultaneouslyis to be printed, the Fourier transformed images of the two patterns areadded together, and the resulting image is printed onto a filtersubstrate 802 to create a spatial filter. This will be described indetail later.

The foreign matter/defect inspection result, which displays on themonitor 500, will now be described.

FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating one embodiment of an inspectionresult window that displays on the monitor. This window shows the resultobtained after completion of inspection. The example presented by thisfigure relates to an inspection that is conducted on a chip on a waferunder more than one set of inspection conditions. Tab names, whichappear at the top of the displayed window, represent individual sets ofinspection conditions (Recipe 1, Recipe 2, and so on). When a tab nameis selected with a mouse or the like, the inspection result obtainedunder the selected inspection conditions appears. The tab marked “Total”presents the result that is obtained by merging the foreignmatter/defect detection results obtained under various inspectionconditions in accordance with the wafer's internal coordinate data. Theinspection date/time, product type (kind), process, and wafer number aredisplayed as basic data. Reference numeral 351 denotes a wafer map thatroughly indicates positions of the foreign matters/defects on the wafer.On the wafer map 351, an emphasis indication of the foreignmatter/defect 352 to which its attention is paid now is given. Moreover,an emphasis indication also of the tip including the defect is givensimilarly. Further, the foreign matter/defect information is displayedin tabular form 353. This tabular form 353 indicates a detection number(ID) assigned to foreign matter/defect, the X- and Y-coordinates forindicating the foreign matter/defect position, the foreign matter/defectsize (SIZE), a foreign matter/defect category (CAT), a flag (PICT) forindicating whether a photo is taken, and the inspection condition set(Recipe) used for detection. The foreign matter/defect category fieldindicates whether the foreign matter/defect was generated upon plasmaemission or attached during transfer or film formation or due tochemical reaction. The contents of the tabular form can be sorted againin ascending or descending order on an individual object basis to suitthe purpose. Further, the foreign matter/defects reviewed are visuallydistinguished from those which are not reviewed. Furthermore, theforeign matter/defect 352 to which its attention is paid now can also beindicated by emphasis with a thick outline etc. In addition, detectedforeign matter/defects are classified by size and displayed in histogramform. Histogram 354 depicts “Total” information. Recipes 1 to 4 aredisplayed in histograms 355 to 358. Reference numeral 361 denotes asearch button for switching to the on-screen information about anotherchip. Pressing a desired display area changes the chip to be displayed.Reference numeral 362 a denotes a button for increasing the displaymagnification, and reference numeral 362 b denotes a button fordecreasing the display magnification. Reference numeral 363 denotes aREVIEW button for changing the displayed window. This button is used,for instance, to switch from the window shown in FIG. 3 to the one shownin FIG. 4, which will be described below.

FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating another embodiment of an inspectionresult window that appears on a monitor. It is an example of a foreignmatter/defect review window. The window displays a foreign matter/defectreview image 451 of a specified chip. As a review optical system, aconfocal optical system (CF), a differential interference optical system(DIF), a dark field optical system (DF), and an ultraviolet or othershort-wavelength optics (UV) are selectable in addition to a regularbright field optical system (BF). Further, a search button 452 isfurnished to facilitate a foreign matter/defect search. This buttonmakes it possible to move directly to the upper, lower, left-hand,right-hand, upper right, lower right, upper left, or lower left visualfield. The magnification of the detection optical system 200 can bechanged with magnification change buttons 453 a, 453 b. Further,pressing the PICT button 454 picks up the image of the currentlyreviewed visual field.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a foreign matter/defect inspectionprocess that is performed in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention. In step 501 in this figure, a wafer cassette (SMIF,etc.) in which a plurality of wafers are mounted is set automatically ormanually. In step 501, the ID of a wafer is confirmed. With a wafer ID,it is possible to identify the wafer size, product type, and process.The wafer ID may be entered or selected by an inspection operator orreceived from a database included, for instance, in the production linemanagement system. In step 503, a recipe (inspection conditions) isselected automatically or manually in accordance with the wafer ID. Instep 504, the wafer is loaded onto a stage within the apparatus.

As indicated by a branch shown in the figure, if a wafer inscribed witha wafer ID is loaded in step 505, the wafer ID is recognized duringloading as indicated in step 506, and then a recipe selection can bemade in step 507.

After the wafer is loaded onto a stage within the apparatus, the stageblock 300 moves the X-, Y-, Z- and θ-stages in step 508 to effect waferalignment, and then proceeds to conduct an inspection.

In an inspection sequence, the intensity of the illumination light to beirradiated on the wafer is set in step 511 according to a recipeselected from a plurality of prepared recipes. In step 512, thepolarized light of the illumination light to be irradiated on the waferis set. In step 513, the inclined angle α and direction θ ofillumination light irradiation for the wafer (rotation angle θ around anaxis perpendicular to the wafer) is set. In step 514, the size of adetection visual field (beam spot) is set. In step 515, a spatial filteris set. In step 516, either the p-polarized light or s-polarized lightis selected as the polarized light to be detected.

The actual inspection operation then starts. While the wafer surfacelayer is auto-focused in step 517, a stage scan is performed asindicated in step 518. Step 519 is performed simultaneously withauto-focusing and stage scanning to conduct signal processing forforeign matter/defect extraction. Upon completion of inspection, step521 is performed to display the result of inspection on the monitor,store inspection data, and transfer inspection data to the server andthe like. Step 522 is then performed to conduct a foreign matter/defectreview as needed. In step 523, the wafer is unloaded to terminate theinspection sequence.

To achieve high inspection throughput, an image formation, laser lightscattering type inspection apparatus indicated in the present embodimentmay use an inspection visual field as wide as several micrometers ormore. In a wide-field inspection, different patterns may be irradiatedby illuminating the entire inspection area or wider area (by subjectingit to laser radiation). A method for forming a spatial filter in such asituation will now be described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6C.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C are wafer and diffracted light pattern diagramsthat illustrate Fourier transformed images used to detect foreignmatter/defect on a plurality of patterns. FIG. 6A shows patterns andillumination area on a wafer. FIG. 6B shows diffracted light patternsthat can be derived from patterns on a wafer. FIG. 6C shows an ORpattern of diffracted light patterns. As indicated by the illuminationarea 651 in FIG. 6A, the Fourier transform plane contains a plurality ofdiffracted light patterns FP1, FP2, FP3 if a plurality of patterns P1,P2, P3, which differ in the pattern pitch, are illuminated within achip. If the diffracted light patterns FP1, FP2,,FP3 are inspected inthis state with a synthesized spatial filter, diffracted light patternsFP1, FP2, and FP3 for patterns P1, P2, and P3 can be simultaneouslyshielded so as to provide an advantage of making it possible to reducethe pattern signal. On the other hand, the light scattered from a defectis considerably shielded when a plurality of diffracted light patternsare shielded. This creates a disadvantage of causing the signal S from adefect to decrease.

When, for instance, a specific memory area Ml is to be inspected at ahigh sensitivity, it is necessary to perform spatial filter setup byacquiring a Fourier transformed image in a state of that diffractedlight patterns other than that of memory area Ml are shielded.

The following three methods are conceivable:

The first method is to insert an illumination range limiting aperturediaphragm in the optical path of the illumination optical system. Thesecond method is to limit the illumination range by varying the beammagnification with a movable beam expander. The third method is toreduce the NA of the convex lens 602 within the Fourier transform planeobservation optical unit 600. All these methods reduce the visual field.

The method for reducing the NA of the convex lens 602 of the Fouriertransform plane observation optical unit 600 will now be described indetail. In the Fourier transform lens 201, the angle of incidence on theFourier transform plane corresponds to the distance (radius) from thevisual field center on an object surface. More specifically, when the NAof the convex lens 602 is reduced, it is possible to acquire only thelight having a small angle of incidence on the Fourier transform plane,that is, to acquire only the diffracted light arising out of an areawhose distance from the visual field center is within a limited range onthe object surface.

When any of the above method is chosen, it is possible to acquire onlythe diffracted light from a specific area (that is, to reduce the visualfield). This makes that it is possible to set a light-shielding patternthat is appropriate for a diffraction pattern generated from a specificarea. As the result, a specific memory area M1 can be inspected at ahigh sensitivity.

When only the diffracted light generated from the specific area can beacquired as described above, foreign matter and defects existed onpattern P1 of the wafer can be inspected by using a spatial filter thatis obtained by printing diffracted light pattern FP1 as a Fouriertransformed image. Further, foreign matter and defects existed on apatterns P2 or P3 of the wafer can be similarly inspected by using aeach spatial filter on which a Fourier transformed image FP2 or FP3 isformed.

A spatial filter printing unit will now be described with reference toFIG. 7.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating one embodimentof a spatial filter printing unit according to the present invention.The data for spatial filter printing is transmitted to a printer that isconnected to the arithmetic processing system 400. The stage 300, whichholds a glass plate, and the printer, such as an inkjet printer 820, aresynchronously operated by the arithmetic processing system 400 to make aprint. The inkjet printer is equipped with a mechanism that averts orclears an ink-induced clog. For example, a methyl ethyl ketone or othercleaning liquid 752 that dissolves ink 751 is provided to clean an inkpath. Alternatively, a clogged ink discharge function, which increasesthe inkjet pressure, may be furnished. The ink 751 passes through a pipe753 and stays in an ink holder 754. The ink 751 is grained by apiezoelectric element 755, electrically charged by an electrode 756, anddeflected by a deflector 757. A Fourier transformed image set by thearithmetic processing system 400 is then printed onto a spatial filtersubstrate 802. Excess ink, which has not been used for printing, iscollected in a gutter 758.

A cartridge equipped with a cartridge filter substrate for spatialfilter printing will now be described with reference to FIGS. 8A and 8B.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are plan views illustrating one embodiment of a spatialfilter cartridge according to the present invention. FIG. 8A illustratesa first embodiment whereas FIG. 8B illustrates a second embodiment. Thefigure illustrating the first embodiment shows nine square spatialfilter substrates 802 a, which are mounted on a square cartridge 801 a.The figure illustrating the second embodiment shows nine circularspatial filter substrates 802 b, which are mounted on a circularcartridge 801 b.

As shown in the figures, the spatial filter glass plates can be managedwith the cartridge 801 a /801 b so as to support many product types andprocesses. In an example in which nine spatial filter substrates 802 a/802 b, which are glass plates, are mounted on a single cartridge 801a/801 b, it is possible to support for four to nine patterns on aprocess of a logic product (nine inspection areas). Therefore, theFourier transformed images can be printed, for instance, for thepatterns FP1, FP2 and FP3 and a combination pattern (a OR pattern) asshown in FIGS. 6A to 6C. It is also possible to support for threepatterns (pattern of memory circuit, pattern of peripheral circuit, andmerged pattern of memory and peripheral circuits) on a process of amemory product.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are a top view and a plan view, respectively, whichillustrate one embodiment of a cartridge storage/pullout mechanism. FIG.9A is a top view, whereas FIG. 9B is a plan view. Elements identicalwith those described earlier are assigned the same reference numerals astheir counterparts and will not be described again. The cartridgestocker 800 houses a plurality of cartridges. One of such cartridges ispulled out of the cartridge stocker 800. The printer 820 prints theFourier transformed image of a specified pattern on the wafer onto afirst spatial filter substrate, which is placed in a specified locationfor printing. Next, a second spatial filter substrate moves to aspecified location for printing, and the Fourier transformed image of aspecified pattern on the wafer is printed onto the second spatial filtersubstrate.

The accuracy of spatial filter printing by an inkjet printer will now bedescribed with reference to FIG. 10.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of a print that is printed by an inkjet printer.When a print area 1051 is printed as shown in the figure, a gap arisesbetween print dots 1051 as indicated in the enlarged view of the printarea, thereby degrading the spatial filter performance. The reason isthat the relationship between the normal dot size and dot pitch ispreset so that D (dot size)≦P (dot pitch). To avoid this problem, it isnecessary to provide interpolation so as to fill the gap between theprint dots.

Methods for print dot interpolation will now be described with referenceto FIG. 11.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating print dot interpolationmethods. When method (a) is used, a print is made with print data, butno interpolation is provided with interpolation data. Therefore, a gaparises between print dots 1052. On the other hand, method (b), which isa first interpolation method, provides interpolation by printinginterpolation dots 1053 horizontally according to interpolation datawith a view toward filling the gaps between the print dots 1052. Method(c), which is a second interpolation method, provides interpolation byprinting interpolation dots 1053 vertically. Method (d), which is athird interpolation method, provides print dot interpolation by printinginterpolation dots 1053 obliquely.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between thesize of a Fourier transform plane and the size of a print dot. If D≦1/50×φ is satisfied according to the experiment, where D is the printdot size and φ is the Fourier transform plane diameter, a fine print canbe made to form a spatial filter that does not permit leakage of thediffracted light.

As described above, the present invention detects foreign matter anddefects with high accuracy and at a high sensitivity by using a spatialfilter on which a Fourier transformed image of a pattern on a wafer isprinted.

1. An inspection apparatus comprising: a stage mechanism which supportsan inspection object; a spatial filter for inspecting the object; and aprinter which prints the spatial filter.
 2. The inspection apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein said stage mechanism provides a stagewhich mounts the inspection object and moves the inspection object in athree-dimensional direction.
 3. The inspection apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein said spatial filter is a printed Fourier transformedimage of a circuit pattern of the inspection object.
 4. The inspectionapparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a cartridge equippedwith a plurality of substrates for forming the spatial filter and acleaner which cleans the substrates of the cartridge, and therein saidprinter prints a Fourier transformed image of a circuit pattern of theinspection object to the substrates of the cartridge.
 5. The inspectionapparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a monitor which canobserve an inspection result.
 6. The inspection apparatus according toclaim 4, further comprising a monitor which can observe an inspectionresult.
 7. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein saidprinter is a dot printer, wherein D≦P where D is dot size and P is printpitch, and wherein interpolation is provided for a gap between dots. 8.The inspection apparatus according to claim 7, wherein D≦ 1/50×φ if adiameter of Fourier transform plane within a circuit pattern of saidinspection object is φ.
 9. The inspection apparatus according to claim7, wherein said printer comprises a stage which holds a glass plate andan inkjet printer which is equipped with a mechanism that clears anink-induced clog.
 10. The inspection apparatus according to claim 7,wherein said printer includes a collecting unit which collects excessink that has not been used for printing.
 11. An inspection methodcomprising the steps of: printing a Fourier transformed image of apattern of an inspection object to a substrate; providing the printedsubstrate as a spatial filter at a desired position of an inspectionapparatus; and inspecting the inspection object by using the spatialfilter.
 12. The inspection method according to claim 11, wherein thestep of printing includes a step of printing to the substrate by adding(combining) a Fourier transformed image of each of a plurality ofpatterns of the inspection object.
 13. The inspection method accordingto claim 11, wherein the step of printing includes a step of printing aninterpolation data corresponding to gaps between dots.